Bone Abstracts

Osteoporotic fractures are a major worldwide epidemic. Worldwide, age-standardized rates in hip fracture vary >200-fold in women and >140-fold in men when comparing incidence rates in the highest vs lowest country. Median age standardized rates are highest in North America and Europe followed by Asia, Middle East, Oceania, Latin America, and Africa. Globally rates of hip fracture are greater in women than men with an average ratio of ~2:1. In all populations studied to...

Currently menopausal hormone treatment (HT) is not recommended for the prevention of chronic disease. This recommendation is based on reputable science relying largely on the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI), a large methodologically sound, long-term, randomized clinical trial (RCT) of 27 347 women age 50–79 years. A RCT is considered level two evidence in the hierarchy of evidence only below a systematic review of several RCTs. The WHI HT trials were designed to dete...

Purpose: To test whether bisphosphonates for osteoporosis reduce the risk of breast cancer.Background: Observational studies and meta-analyses find that women taking bisphosphonates have about a 1/3rd reduction in risk of breast cancer as soon as 1 year of treatment. This is plausible because bisphosphonates have in vitro anti-tumor activity and high doses of zoledronate reduce recurrence in women with breast cancer. However, observational studi...

Introduction: The creatine kinase (CK) is a dimeric enzyme, involved in energetical metabolism. It is present in many tissues, but higher concentration in skeletal and cardiac muscle.Therefore, conditions that involve muscle tissue may increase this serum enzyme. Such enzyme elevation is usually observed in inflammatory myopathies and others autoimmune diseases.Sometimes some elevation in CK is not fully understood out off these co...